The Ultimate Guide to 80% Lowers: Understanding, Buying, and Building Your Own Firearm

In the world of firearms, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and gun owners alike are continuously seeking ways to customize, build, and enhance their firearms. One of the most popular trends in recent years has been the use of 80% lowers. These components are widely sought after for their versatility, affordability, and the legal aspects they bring to firearm building. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deep into the concept of 80% lowers, what they are, how they are used, their legality, and the advantages they offer to firearm builders.

What Are 80% Lowers?

An 80% lower is essentially an unfinished firearm lower receiver that is 80% complete. This means that the basic shape and structure of the receiver have been formed, but it still requires additional machining and work to turn it into a fully functional component for a firearm. The term “80% lower” refers to the fact that only 80% of the work has been done on the receiver, and the remaining 20% is left for the user to complete.

The lower receiver is a critical part of a firearm as it houses the trigger assembly, magazine well, and other vital components. In modern firearms, such as AR-15s, the lower receiver is usually considered the “firearm” under the law, and its completion is essential for the firearm to function properly.

Legal Aspects of 80% Lowers

One of the primary reasons why 80% lowers have gained so much attention is due to their legal status. Under federal law in the United States, an 80% lower is not considered a firearm because it is not fully functional and requires further machining before it can be assembled into a working firearm. This means that an individual can purchase and possess an 80% lower without the need for a background check, as it is not classified as a firearm until it is completed.

However, the legal status of 80% lowers can vary by state. Some states have implemented more stringent regulations regarding 80% lowers, requiring serial numbers, registration, or additional background checks even for these unfinished components. For instance, California has implemented strict laws around the purchase of 80% lowers, requiring the buyer to go through the same background check process as if they were purchasing a fully finished firearm.

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It is important to research and understand the specific regulations in your state before purchasing or building a firearm from an 80% lower.

Why Choose an 80% Lower?

There are several reasons why gun owners and enthusiasts choose to work with 80% lowers instead of purchasing a fully assembled lower receiver. Here are some of the key benefits:

  1. Customization: One of the most appealing aspects of using an 80% lower is the ability to fully customize your firearm. With an 80% lower, you can choose the specific parts and components that go into your firearm build. This allows for a more personalized and tailored experience.
  2. Cost-Effective: Purchasing an 80% lower is typically less expensive than buying a fully assembled lower receiver. This makes it an attractive option for those looking to build a firearm on a budget. Additionally, since you can purchase the lower separately and assemble it yourself, you can save on labor costs typically associated with gun builds.
  3. Satisfaction of Building Your Own Firearm: There is a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment that comes with building your own firearm. With an 80% lower, you are involved in the process from start to finish, learning about each component and how they fit together. For many, this is a rewarding experience.
  4. Legal Considerations: As mentioned earlier, 80% lowers are not considered firearms under federal law until they are completed. This means that they can be purchased without going through the usual background check processes, provided your state does not impose additional restrictions. For those in states with more lenient firearm laws, this can be a huge advantage.
  5. Privacy and Independence: Building a firearm from an 80% lower allows you to avoid registering your firearm with the federal government, as the firearm does not officially exist until you complete the lower receiver. This provides privacy and autonomy to those who value discretion and independence.
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How to Build a Firearm with an 80% Lower

Building a firearm from an 80% lower requires several steps, and while it is possible to complete the process on your own, it is important to have the right tools and knowledge before starting. The following is a step-by-step guide to help you understand the process.

Step 1: Gather the Necessary Tools

Before you begin working on your 80% lower, it is essential to have the right tools for the job. Some of the tools you may need include:

  • Drill press: A drill press is crucial for accurately drilling holes in the lower receiver.
  • End mills: These are cutting tools that will help you mill out the trigger pocket and other critical areas.
  • Jigs: A jig is a template that holds the 80% lower in place during machining. Jigs are specifically designed to guide your tools and ensure accurate cuts.
  • Drills and bits: You will need a variety of drill bits to complete the necessary holes.
  • Dremel tool: A Dremel tool can be used for fine-tuning and cleaning up any rough areas after machining.
  • Files and sandpaper: These will help smooth out any rough edges and finish the firearm to a high standard.

Step 2: Set Up the Jig

The first step in completing your 80% lower is to set up the jig. The jig will align your lower receiver and guide your tools to ensure the correct cuts are made. It is essential to follow the instructions that come with the jig and ensure it is properly installed on the 80% lower.

Step 3: Drill the Necessary Holes

Once the jig is in place, the next step is to drill the holes required to complete the lower receiver. These holes include the trigger pin, hammer pin, and selector switch pin, among others. It is important to follow the specific measurements and instructions to avoid damaging the lower or affecting the function of the firearm.

Step 4: Mill the Trigger Pocket

The trigger pocket is one of the most critical areas of the lower receiver. You will need to use an end mill or another cutting tool to mill out the trigger pocket. This step requires precision to ensure the pocket is the correct size and shape to house the trigger mechanism.

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Step 5: Final Touches

Once the necessary milling and drilling are complete, you can use a Dremel tool, files, and sandpaper to clean up any rough edges and finish the lower receiver. This process ensures the firearm will function smoothly and safely once assembled.

Step 6: Assemble the Firearm

With the lower receiver now completed, you can proceed to assemble the rest of your firearm. This typically includes adding the trigger group, hammer, magazine release, buffer tube, and other parts that make up the complete firearm. Once the assembly is complete, you will have a fully functional firearm ready for use.

Tools and Kits for Building an 80% Lower

For those looking to streamline the process, there are various 80% lower kits and toolkits available on the market. These kits typically include the 80% lower receiver, a jig, necessary drills, and other tools needed to complete the build. Many of these kits are designed for specific firearm models, such as the AR-15, and come with everything you need to finish the lower receiver.

Conclusion

Building a firearm from an 80% lower is a rewarding and satisfying process that allows for customization, privacy, and cost savings. Whether you are a hobbyist looking to learn more about firearms or an experienced gun owner seeking a more personal build, 80% lowers offer a great way to achieve your goals.

However, it is essential to be aware of the legal aspects surrounding the purchase and use of 80% lowers in your state. Always ensure that you are following the appropriate legal guidelines and use the proper tools and techniques to ensure a safe and functional build.

By understanding the concept, benefits, and process of working with 80% lowers, you can embark on your own firearm-building journey with confidence and knowledge.

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